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There have been 54 speakers of the United States House of Representatives since the formation of the office in 1789 until present, from Frederick Muhlenberg to Paul Ryan, the incumbent. As the presiding officer over the United States House of Representatives, the speaker is second in line for the presidency, after the Vice President. Unlike some Westminster system parliaments, in which the office of Speaker is considered non-partisan, in the United States, the Speaker of the House is a leadership position and the office-holder actively works to set the majority party's legislative agenda. The Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates, instead delegating the duty to members of the House from the majority party. The Speaker usually does not participate in debate and rarely votes. Aside from duties relating to heading the House and the majority political party, the Speaker also performs administrative and procedural functions, and represents his or her Congressional district. Elected by a simple majority of the members of the House, the Speaker is traditionally their party's leader in the chamber, and unlike the other House leadership, the speaker is a constitutional officer as established by Article One of the United States Constitution. At the beginning of a new Congress every two years, the House elects a speaker, either the incumbent, or a new one, depending on party composition and membership of incumbents. The most recent election to occur mid-way through a Congress occurred on October 29, 2015, when it elected the incumbent, Congressman Paul Ryan of Wisconsin. While every speaker has been a sitting member of Congress, the Constitution makes no requirements of House membership to hold the office. The longest serving speaker was Sam Rayburn of Texas, who served on three separate occasions in the 1940s, 50s, and 60s. One Speaker, James K. Polk, went on to become the 11th President of the United States; both Schuyler Colfax and John Nance Garner later became Vice President, and Paul Ryan ran for the office, but was defeated (prior to election as Speaker). == List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives == It includes the congressional district and political affiliation of each speaker as well as the number of their Congress and time they spent in the position. '' Note: Banks, a former Democrat originally elected as a member of the Know Nothing Party, had come to be associated with the Republicans by the time the 34th Congress convened. Because the Republicans did not command a majority in Congress and Banks did not receive any votes from Democrats or Southern Know Nothings, Banks, after two months of deadlocked balloting, could only be elected on the 133rd ballot after a motion was passed allowing the election of a Speaker by plurality vote.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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